TASK 1 (PROCESS/ DIAGRAM): IGLOO

Sample Answer

The diagram illustrates the systematic process by which an igloo is constructed from snow, highlighting eight sequential stages that transform raw material into a functional shelter.

Overall, the procedure progresses from the preparation of building blocks, through the assembly of the dome-shaped frame, to the final reinforcement and finishing touches. The use of both large and small blocks, together with the keystone closure and snow reinforcement, ensures that the structure is both durable and habitable.

At the outset, hard-packed snow is cut with a snow saw into uniform rectangular blocks, which serve as the primary construction units. These blocks are arranged in a circular base structure measuring four metres in diameter, with one block deliberately omitted to allow for the future entrance. The walls are then raised in a spiral formation, using both large and small blocks to ensure structural stability. This culminates in the placement of a keystone block at the apex, which locks the dome into place.

Once the fundamental framework is complete, the exterior is covered with loose snow, filling gaps between joints and providing additional insulation. At this stage, the igloo reaches a height of two metres. Subsequently, a tunnel-shaped entrance is constructed, and air holes are incorporated to facilitate ventilation and temperature regulation. The process concludes with the completed igloo, featuring a reinforced exterior, a functional doorway, and ventilation openings.

Vocabulary