TASK 1 (Process): Slow sand filter
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Sample Answer
The provided diagram demonstrates how raw water is filtered by means of a man-made slow-sand filtration system.
Overall, the artificially created water filter, which operates on fundamental physical processes and the principle of consolidation by gravity, consists of three primary components: a break pressure chamber, the main filtration compartment utilizing natural materials for particle filtration, and the final filtration chamber where clean water is produced. It is also notable that there are only two types of naturally sourced materials: sand and gravel acting as filtering layers.
Initially, raw, unclean water from unspecified external sources is diverted into the break pressure chamber (the first point of filtration), where microscopic water particles are pumped and elevated to a higher altitude in preparation for being routed to the main chamber.
While in the main filtration compartment, the dirt particles and microscopic pollutants inherently present in the untreated water occupy the uppermost part of the middle chamber, immediately below which lies the thickest layer of sand, measuring from 60 to 90 centimetres in height. This sand layer is designed with the intention of filtering coarse-grained particles and sizeable contaminants, leaving the more fine-grained materials to be handled by the gravel right underneath, whose thickness amounts to 20 to 30 centimetres. As soon as the filth and contaminating particles penetrate through both these intended filtration layers, they are caught in the underdrains as consolidating particles.
Lastly, the finest water particles secured in the underdrains are channeled towards the final output chamber, where they eventually follow an output water pipe, yielding filtered, clean water ready for consumption and potentially other purposes.
Marking by Chat GPT 5
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TỪ VỰNG HAY
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The provided diagram demonstrates how raw water is filtered by means of a man-made slow-sand filtration system.
Overall, the artificially created water filter, which operates on fundamental physical processes and the principle of consolidation by gravity, consists of three primary components: a break pressure chamber, the main filtration compartment utilizing natural materials for particle filtration, and the final filtration chamber where clean water is produced. It is also notable that there are only two types of naturally sourced materials: sand and gravel acting as filtering layers.
Initially, raw, unclean water from unspecified external sources is diverted into the break pressure chamber (the first point of filtration), where microscopic water particles are pumped and elevated to a higher altitude in preparation for being routed to the main chamber.
While in the main filtration compartment, the dirt particles and microscopic pollutants inherently present in the untreated water occupy the uppermost part of the middle chamber, immediately below which lies the thickest layer of sand, measuring from 60 to 90 centimetres in height. This sand layer is designed with the intention of filtering coarse-grained particles and sizeable contaminants, leaving the more fine-grained materials to be handled by the gravel right underneath, whose thickness amounts to 20 to 30 centimetres. As soon as the filth and contaminating particles penetrate through both these intended filtration layers, they are caught in the underdrains as consolidating particles.
Lastly, the finest water particles secured in the underdrains are channeled towards the final output chamber, where they eventually follow an output water pipe, yielding filtered, clean water ready for consumption and potentially other purposes.
Vocabulary
- by means of – bằng cách, thông qua
- artificially created water filter – bộ lọc nước nhân tạo
- fundamental physical processes – các quá trình vật lý cơ bản
- principle of consolidation by gravity – nguyên lý kết tụ bằng trọng lực
- three primary components – ba thành phần chính
- break pressure chamber – buồng giảm áp
- main filtration compartment – ngăn lọc chính
- utilizing natural materials for particle filtration – sử dụng vật liệu tự nhiên để lọc hạt
- final filtration chamber – buồng lọc cuối cùng
- naturally sourced materials – vật liệu có nguồn gốc tự nhiên
- unspecified external sources – nguồn bên ngoài không xác định
- microscopic water particles – các hạt nước siêu nhỏ
- pumped and elevated to a higher altitude – được bơm và nâng lên độ cao hơn
- routed to the main chamber – được dẫn tới buồng chính
- inherently present in the untreated water – vốn có sẵn trong nước chưa qua xử lý
- with the intention of filtering coarse-grained particles and sizeable contaminants – với mục đích lọc các hạt thô và chất bẩn lớn
- penetrate through both these intended filtration layers – thấm qua hai lớp lọc được thiết kế này
- finest water particles secured in the underdrains – các hạt nước tinh khiết nhất được giữ lại ở ống thoát dưới
- channeled towards the final output chamber – được dẫn đến buồng đầu ra cuối cùng
- yielding filtered, clean water ready for consumption – tạo ra nước sạch đã lọc sẵn sàng cho việc sử dụng
Tóm tắt cấu trúc:
Overall Summary / Tổng quan bài viết
👉 The process illustrates how raw water is purified using a man-made slow-sand filtration system.
(Quá trình minh họa cách nước thô được lọc bằng hệ thống lọc cát nhân tạo chậm.)
- Overall, the filter operates on physical principles and includes three main stages/components.
→ Nhìn chung, hệ thống này hoạt động dựa trên các nguyên lý vật lý và gồm ba giai đoạn chính. - It also uses natural materials (sand and gravel) to remove impurities.
→ Nó sử dụng vật liệu tự nhiên (cát và sỏi) để loại bỏ tạp chất.
1️. Introduction / Mở bài
Structure to copy:
The provided diagram demonstrates how + [object] + is + [past participle] + by means of + [method/system].
Ví dụ:
The provided diagram demonstrates how raw water is filtered by means of a slow-sand filtration system.
➡️ Cấu trúc “demonstrates how + bị động + by means of” rất hay để mở đầu bài process.
(Ví dụ khác: demonstrates how coffee is produced by means of industrial equipment.)
2.Overview / Tổng quan
Structure to copy:
Overall, the system consists of … and produces clean water at the end.
Ví dụ:
Overall, the artificially created water filter, which operates on fundamental physical processes, consists of three primary components and produces clean water.
➡️ Phần overview phải nêu được: có bao nhiêu giai đoạn + kết quả cuối cùng là gì.
💡 Tuyệt đối không mô tả chi tiết trong Overview.
3️. Body Paragraph 1 – The First Stage
Main idea: Raw water enters and is prepared for filtration.
(Nước thô đi vào và được chuẩn bị cho quá trình lọc.)
Initially, raw, unclean water from unspecified external sources is diverted into the break pressure chamber, where microscopic water particles are pumped and elevated to a higher altitude.
🔹 Cụm từ hay:
- diverted into = được chuyển hướng vào
- break pressure chamber = buồng giảm áp
- pumped and elevated = được bơm và nâng lên
➡️ Bước 1: Nêu nguồn nước và nơi đầu tiên nước đi vào.
➡️ Bước 2: Mô tả chức năng sơ bộ (giảm áp, nâng cao).
4️. Body Paragraph 2 – The Main Filtration Process
Main idea: Impurities are removed through sand and gravel layers.
(Tạp chất được loại bỏ qua các lớp cát và sỏi.)
While in the main filtration compartment, the dirt particles and microscopic pollutants inherently present in the untreated water occupy the uppermost part.
Below lies the thickest layer of sand (60–90 cm) designed with the intention of filtering coarse-grained particles and sizeable contaminants, followed by a gravel layer (20–30 cm) to capture finer materials.
🔹 Cụm từ ăn điểm:
- with the intention of filtering = với mục đích lọc
- coarse-grained particles / sizeable contaminants = hạt to / chất bẩn lớn
- fine-grained materials = hạt nhỏ hơn
- inherently present = vốn có trong
➡️ Cấu trúc thân bài cực kỳ mạch lạc:
(1) Mô tả thứ tự các lớp →
(2) Nêu kích thước / chức năng mỗi lớp →
(3) Giải thích kết quả sau khi lọc.
5️. Body Paragraph 3 – Final Output
Main idea: Clean water is collected and ready for use.
(Nước sạch được thu và sẵn sàng sử dụng.)
Lastly, the finest water particles secured in the underdrains are channeled towards the final output chamber, yielding filtered, clean water ready for consumption.
🔹 Cụm từ cần học:
- channeled towards = được dẫn đến
- yielding clean water = tạo ra nước sạch
- ready for consumption = sẵn sàng cho việc sử dụng
➡️ Kết bài Process phải mô tả kết quả cuối cùng, không thêm ý tưởng cá nhân.
