TASK 1 (PROCESS/ DIAGRAM): HOUSEHOLD LANDFILL

The diagram below shows how a modern landfill for household waste is designed. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Sample Answer

The provided graphics illustrate the schematics of a modern household landfill, delineating key features regarding its construction sequences, operational mechanism, and final closure.

What is immediately striking upon observing the depictions is the notable multi-layered nature of this manmade storage structure, which is built from the synergy of both natural and artificial materials. Equally noteworthy is the extraction of liquid excess that is strategically stored in a designated compartment, alongside the structured release of gas residue during closure.

Examining initially the sequential stages leading to the delivery of this burial structure, at the outset, an artificially created, rectangular hole is excavated into natural rock – representing the construction site for later component installations. Once excavation is completed, a clay cover is positioned lining its internal surface area, on top of which a synthetic lining is then placed, thereby providing additional structural support. This hybrid natural-artificial dual layer is further reinforced by a series of perpendicularly installed drainage pipes. At the bottom of the clay lining lies a drainage tank, which is directly linked to the drainage pipe system, thereby culminating the construction sequences and awaiting further usage.

Shifting focus to the structural usage, household refuse is deposited by truck into the landfill, thus filling the enclosure with excess waste. Thanks to the drainage compartment, liquid residue is safely contained, thereby preventing seepage into the soil beneath.

Turning finally to containment, the structure is closed following the placement of a clay cover, which safely contains the interiors. During closure, excess accumulated gases are extracted outwards through an outlet pipe, leaving aside solid and liquid waste safely contained.

Vocabulary

1. construction sequences – quá trình xây dựng
2. operational mechanism – cơ chế vận hành
3. final closure – giai đoạn đóng kín cuối cùng
4. notable multi-layered nature – đặc điểm nhiều lớp đáng chú ý
5. manmade storage structure – cấu trúc lưu trữ nhân tạo
6. synergy of both natural and artificial materials – sự kết hợp của vật liệu tự nhiên và nhân tạo
7. extraction of liquid excess – việc loại bỏ chất lỏng dư thừa
8. designated compartment – ngăn chứa được chỉ định
9. structured release of gas residue – việc thoát khí có tổ chức
10. burial structure – cấu trúc chôn lấp
11. artificially created, rectangular hole – hố chữ nhật được tạo nhân tạo
12. natural rock – đá tự nhiên
13. clay cover – lớp phủ đất sét
14. synthetic lining – lớp lót nhân tạo
15. additional structural support – sự hỗ trợ kết cấu bổ sung
16. hybrid natural-artificial dual layer – lớp kép tự nhiên–nhân tạo
17. perpendicularly installed drainage pipes – ống thoát nước lắp đặt vuông góc
18. drainage tank – bể thoát nước
19. culminating the construction sequences – hoàn tất quá trình xây dựng
20. seepage into the soil beneath – sự thấm vào đất bên dưới