TASK 1 (PROCESS/ DIAGRAM): IGLOO
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Sample Answer
The diagram illustrates the systematic process by which an igloo is constructed from snow, highlighting eight sequential stages that transform raw material into a functional shelter.
Overall, the procedure progresses from the preparation of building blocks, through the assembly of the dome-shaped frame, to the final reinforcement and finishing touches. The use of both large and small blocks, together with the keystone closure and snow reinforcement, ensures that the structure is both durable and habitable.
At the outset, hard-packed snow is cut with a snow saw into uniform rectangular blocks, which serve as the primary construction units. These blocks are arranged in a circular base structure measuring four metres in diameter, with one block deliberately omitted to allow for the future entrance. The walls are then raised in a spiral formation, using both large and small blocks to ensure structural stability. This culminates in the placement of a keystone block at the apex, which locks the dome into place.
Once the fundamental framework is complete, the exterior is covered with loose snow, filling gaps between joints and providing additional insulation. At this stage, the igloo reaches a height of two metres. Subsequently, a tunnel-shaped entrance is constructed, and air holes are incorporated to facilitate ventilation and temperature regulation. The process concludes with the completed igloo, featuring a reinforced exterior, a functional doorway, and ventilation openings.
Vocabulary
| systematic process | quy trình có hệ thống |
| eight sequential stages | tám giai đoạn tuần tự |
| functional shelter | nơi trú ẩn có chức năng |
| preparation of building blocks | chuẩn bị các khối xây dựng |
| assembly of the dome-shaped frame | lắp ráp khung hình vòm |
| final reinforcement and finishing touches | gia cố cuối cùng và hoàn thiện |
| hard-packed snow | tuyết nén chặt |
| uniform rectangular blocks | khối chữ nhật đồng nhất |
| primary construction units | đơn vị xây dựng chính |
| circular base structure | cấu trúc nền hình tròn |
| future entrance | lối vào sau này |
| spiral formation | hình xoắn ốc |
| structural stability | độ ổn định kết cấu |
| keystone block | khối đá khóa |
| fundamental framework | khung cơ bản |
| loose snow | tuyết rời |
| additional insulation | lớp cách nhiệt bổ sung |
| tunnel-shaped entrance | lối vào hình đường hầm |
| air holes | lỗ thông khí |
| ventilation and temperature regulation | thông gió và điều chỉnh nhiệt độ |
| completed igloo | lều tuyết hoàn chỉnh |
| reinforced exterior | bề ngoài được gia cố |
| functional doorway | cửa ra vào có chức năng |
| ventilation openings | khe thông gió |
| keystone closure | khóa bằng khối đá chốt |
| snow reinforcement | gia cố bằng tuyết |
| durable and habitable | bền chắc và có thể ở được |
